The high-frequency performance of the reflector antennas is mainly limited by the surface. It has been shown that distortions on different regions of the reflector surface can have different effects on the radiation performance. In other words, degradation of the radiation pattern due to the presence of surface distortions is sensitive to the location and behavior of the surface distortion profile. In this paper, the concept of "sensitivity of the radiation pattern to the surface distortion" has been introduced and quantified. It can be used in the design of different reflector antennas to prevent radiation degradations due to surface distortion. Based on the Physical Optics and variational analysis, the first-order variational of the far-fields with respect to the surface profile is formulated to present the concept of sensitivity. The variational amplitude can be modified to show the concept of sensitivity of the radiation pattern to the distortions on the surface. Reflector antennas with different geometries and feeding methods have different sensitivity plots. Both co- and cross-polarization fields for feed antenna are considered ti be used in the symmetric and offset reflectors, and sensitivity plots are extracted. Sensitivity plots show areas on the surface that have stronger effects on the radiation pattern variations in the region of the main-lobe and the first few side-lobes.

Using Karl Popper's critique of positivism and inductivism, we attempted to criticize the main bases of grounded theory. According to grounded theory, social reality can be understood by emptying our mind from any prejudgements and ethical valuation in the research process, but emphasizing on observation, paying attention to the differences and similarities of data, and dedcting abstract concepts. We argue that, in practice, this claim is not true and it leads to a DISTORTED social reality. Following these principles makes social researchers become an information worker and not a critic of social reality. Therefore, not only the science of sociology loses its critical aspect but also justifies the status quo.

A new approach based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is preSented to simulate the distortion of single sprinklerwater distributionpatterninfluencedby windundercenterpivot irrigationsystems. Field experiments were conducted at the Research Center of Agricultural Faculty, University of Tabriz-Iran. The distribution pattern of Nelson R3000 RotatorÒ sprinkler was tested at various wind velocities and directions. Experimental dataset were divided into three subsets named as training, validation, and testing datasel Affecting parameters were defined and various networks with different structures were trained and validated. A Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network with back propagation training algorithm having two hidden layers, 20 neurons in the first hidden layer, and 6 neurons in the second hidden layer and tangent-sigmoid transfer furiction was selected as the optimal network and produced R2=0.929 and RMSE=6.69 for test dataset. Usingthe structure of the optimal network, a model named ISSP (Intelligent Simulator of Sprinkler Pattern) was developed as a MATLABÒ m-file. Entering wind velocity and direction as the inputs, this model could simulate the distribution pattern of R3000 Rotatore spririkler arid have ability to display graphical and ExcelÒ file of results. Simulated distribution patterns of this model for three different wind speeds were compared with obserired distribution patterns. Obtained resuits showed that there is no meaningful difference between. R2 values for these three conditions and these values are in a very appropriate range (R2>0.935).

A characteristic of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is to allow individual decision making units (DMUs) to select the factor weights which are the most advantageous for them in calculating their efficiency scores. This flexibility in selecting the weights, on the other hand, deters the comparison among DMUs on a common base. For dealing with this difficulty and assessing all the DMUs on the same scale, this paper proposes using a multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) approach based on scalarizing FUNCTION for generating common set of weights under the DEA framework. This is an advantageous of the proposed approach against general approaches in the literature which are based on multiple objective nonlinear programming.

The book "Readings" is one of the earliest books in quoting DISTORTED narrations and is one of the most important sources cited by Muhaddith Nouri in proving the distortion of the Holy Quran. Considering that most of the volume of the book "Readings" is dedicated to DISTORTED narrations, examining the correctness or incorrectness of these hadiths requires special necessity. By adopting a descriptive-analytical method, this research intends to study and critique the document and content of the narrations of the mentioned book under the verses of Surah Yasin. The findings show that out of the fourteen planetary narrations following the verses of Surah Yasin, seven are DISTORTED. The narrations of reciting the words "Sanktab" instead of "and Naktub" under the twelfth verse, and reciting "Lamstaqr" instead of the word "Lamstaqr" under verse 38 of Surah Yasin, are weak in terms of document and in terms of content of this recitation. The reason for the inadequacy in the expression of meaning-can not be considered the original reading. In four narrations with the same document, interpretive additions have been quoted which are weak due to the presence of "Ibn Hamza Bataini" in the chain of the document; From the point of view of semantics, considering the inconsistency with the context and appropriateness of the verses, these interpretive additions cannot be considered as part of the Quranic text. The conversion of the phrase "Mamma La Ya'lamun" to "Mamma Ya'qlun" in verse 36 of Surah Yasin destroys the relevance of the verse.

The present paper attempts to develop a new analytical integration to evaluate the element stiffness matrix for the finite elements with irregular shapes. Most of the finite elements developed by Sabir are based on the strain rather than displacement approach. They are characterized by a regular form and appropriate coordinates with the form of the element. Together, they tend to decrease the elements utilization domain. Hence, for reasons of importance and particularity of these elements (higher order shape FUNCTIONs expressed in terms of independent strains); it is necessary to introduce irregular forms, which require a special integration technique, and a specific classification in programming level for different geometric forms. To overcome this geometrical inconvenience; the paper presents a new integration solution routine. This will help to know how the elements will behave when they have irregular form, and to extend their applications domain for the curved structures no matter what the geometrical shape of the element might be.